Articles & Tutorials
149 technical articles covering AI, Machine Learning, Cybersecurity, Data Science, and Programming. Practical guides, tutorials, and deep dives — written for developers.
8 articles in AI & Machine Learning · LLaMA
Local AI on a 16GB RAM Laptop: Practical Models, Settings and Optimization
With 16GB RAM and the right model selection, you can run useful local AI for chat, coding, summarization and document Q&A — entirely on you…
What Is Numerical Precision?
Quantization reduces model size by using lower-precision numbers (4-bit instead of 32-bit). A 7B model shrinks from 28 GB (FP32) to 3.5 GB …
Free-Form vs Structured Output
Key Takeaway --> 🎯 Key Takeaway LLMs produce free-form text by default. To build reliable applications, you need structured output: valid…
The Sequence Modeling Problem
Key Takeaway Transformers process all tokens simultaneously using self-attention — a mechanism that lets every token compute how much it sh…
AI → Machine Learning → Deep Learning
Key Takeaway A Large Language Model (LLM) is a neural network trained on massive text data to predict the next token in a sequence. It does…
Build a Research Paper RAG System
Research paper RAG requires special handling: section-aware chunking, metadata extraction, and citation tracking. This article provides a c…
Reranking in RAG: Why Vector Search Alone Is Not Enough
Vector search (bi-encoders) is fast but approximate. Reranking (cross-encoders) is slow but precise. The two-stage approach — retrieve with…
RAG Architecture Explained: Every Component of a Retrieval-Augmented AI System
RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) grounds LLM responses in your actual documents. Every component — from ingestion to citations — matter…