Process 16 bytes
plaintext = Hello, AES!!!
Result: Step-by-step AES block visualization.
AES Block Demo
EDUCATIONAL DEMONSTRATION ONLY - Not for production security. See how AES processes data in 16-byte blocks, showing the SubBytes, ShiftRows, MixColumns, and AddRoundKey steps conceptually.
Privacy: this tool processes your data entirely in your browser. Nothing you paste or type is sent to the server.
Enter your values and press Calculate — the result appears here.
Worked examples
Frequently asked questions
What are the AES steps?
SubBytes (byte substitution), ShiftRows (row rotation), MixColumns (column mixing), AddRoundKey (XOR with round key). These are repeated for 10 rounds (AES-128).
What is a block cipher?
A block cipher processes data in fixed-size chunks (blocks). AES uses 16-byte (128-bit) blocks. Messages longer than one block need a mode of operation (like GCM or CBC).
Why 16 bytes?
The 128-bit block size was chosen to balance security and performance. It provides enough diffusion while remaining fast on both hardware and software.
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